All About Organic Foods

By Sarah Daubman, R.D
Staff Dietician

You’ve seen them in the store, heard about them on the news and maybe knowingly, or unknowingly, eaten them at a meal. So what makes foods organic? Are they more nutritious? Should you start (or continue) buying them? Let’s start at the beginning: what exactly is organic?
The National Organic Program (NOP) is a division of the USDA that regulates organic standards, policies and labeling. They define organic as:
Organic food is produced by farmers who emphasize the use of renewable resources and the conservation of soil and water to enhance environmental quality for future generations. Organic meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products come from animals that are given no antibiotics or growth hormones. Organic food is produced without using most conventional pesticides; fertilizers made with synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge; bioengineering; or ionizing radiation. Before a product can be labeled "organic," a Government-approved certifier inspects the farm where the food is grown to make sure the farmer is following all the rules necessary to meet USDA organic standards. Companies that handle or process organic food before it gets to your local supermarket or restaurant must be certified, too. (www.ams.usda.gov/NOP)
Organic foods may be labeled in different ways. “One hundred percent Organic” means all ingredients meet or exceed USDA specifications for organic foods, which translates to no synthetic pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, antibiotics or hormones. Foods labeled “Organic” ensure that 95 percent of ingredients meet or exceed USDA standards and “Made with Organic Ingredients” guarantees 70 percent of the ingredients meet or exceed standards.
Many consumers equate the term organic with pesticide free. However under the guidelines of the NOP, certain quantities of natural pesticides may still be used in organic farming. While natural pesticides do have fewer harmful side effects than synthetic, they are still toxic and therefore organic produce may contain pesticide residue (though lower levels than non-organic produce.) For this reason it is important to wash ALL produce, even those with inedible skins and peels, whether organic or not to ensure optimal pesticide removal.
Even if pesticides are not a concern, there is still the question, “Is organic food more nutritious?” Until recently most research had found no conclusive evidence to support that organic foods were nutritionally superior to conventionally grown foods. However an extensive four year study completed in 2007 by Newcastle University in England found some interesting results. The research concluded that certain fruits and vegetables contained more antioxidants, zinc, iron and vitamin C when grown under organic standards. Despite these new findings, the USDA itself does not make claim to organic foods being more nutritious than non-organic foods.
So should you buy organic? There are arguably endless pros and cons that go beyond the scope of this blog. Believers of the organic movement tout fewer chemicals in their foods and more nutritious produce, not to mention more environment and animal friendly farming and reportedly better “taste.” Others argue that organic foods are too expensive and that quality and stability are reduced due to the lack of conventional fertilizers and preservatives. The fear also exists that the organic trend is merely a marketing ploy set upon unsuspecting consumers. In the end, the ultimate choice regarding eating organic foods is up to you. For more information, check out the following links:
USDA’s National Organic Program: www.ams.usda.gov/NOP
Organic.com www.organic.org/
Article on the Newcastle University study: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/86972.php